In the evolving landscape of global travel, European cities renowned for their cultural heritage and scenic beauty are facing an unprecedented challenge: overtourism. The surge in tourist numbers has led to significant socio-economic and environmental repercussions, prompting local authorities to implement measures aimed at preserving the integrity of these destinations.
Greece, a nation steeped in history and natural allure, has witnessed a substantial increase in tourist arrivals. According to the Bank of Greece, the country welcomed approximately 35.95 million travelers in 2024, marking a 9.8% rise from the previous year. This influx has placed considerable strain on infrastructure and local communities, particularly in cities like Athens, Rhodes, and Heraklion.
In Athens, the proliferation of short-term rentals has exacerbated the housing crisis, displacing long-term residents and altering neighborhood dynamics. Katerina Kikilia, a professor at the University of West Attica, highlights areas such as Koukaki, once vibrant communities, now dominated by transient accommodations, leading to a decline in local populations and services .
Italy’s iconic cities are similarly contending with the challenges of overtourism. Venice, in particular, has introduced a €5 access fee for day-trippers during peak periods, aiming to mitigate congestion and preserve the city’s delicate ecosystem . Despite these efforts, the effectiveness of such measures remains under scrutiny, as visitor numbers continue to surge .
Florence has taken steps to regulate short-term rentals within its historic center, seeking to curb the exodus of residents and maintain the city’s cultural fabric . These initiatives underscore a broader commitment to sustainable tourism practices across Italy.
Dubrovnik, often cited as Europe’s most over-touristed city, has implemented a series of strategic interventions to address the issue. Measures include limiting cruise ship arrivals, reducing outdoor restaurant seating, and enhancing surveillance to monitor tourist numbers . These actions aim to balance tourist activity with the preservation of the city’s heritage and the well-being of its residents.
Top European Cities by Tourists per Resident
Based on data from Euromonitor International and Holidu, the following cities have the highest ratio of tourists to permanent residents:
- Dubrovnik, Croatia: 27 tourists per resident
- Rhodes, Greece: 26 tourists per resident
- Venice, Italy: 21 tourists per resident
- Heraklion, Greece: 18 tourists per resident
- Florence, Italy: 13 tourists per resident
- Dublin, Ireland: 11 tourists per resident
- Tallinn, Estonia: 10 tourists per resident
- Athens, Greece: 9 tourists per resident
- Bruges, Belgium: 8 tourists per resident
- Barcelona, Spain: 7 tourists per resident
The phenomenon of overtourism presents a complex challenge, necessitating a multifaceted approach that balances economic interests with the preservation of cultural heritage and community well-being. As European cities continue to attract global visitors, the implementation of sustainable tourism strategies will be crucial in ensuring the longevity and vitality of these cherished destinations.