Anthropic said it stopped multiple attempts by scientists this year to use its technology for research that could help develop biological weapons, as experts increasingly fear the threat that AI poses to public safety.
The startup gave five examples of times actors “circumvented controls” and made other efforts to “obfuscate” the purpose of their research to dodge safeguards. The cases involved some users in nations that it prohibits from accessing its models, which include Russia, China, and Iran.
“We hope that by sharing these examples, we spark a conversation within the AI industry and with governments about emerging biological risks and how best to counter them,” Anthropic said in a report about efforts to use its models for malicious activity.
The case studies of possible biological misuse that the company provided included a researcher from an “unsupported region” who “spent weeks planning” experiments involving avian influenza with Claude, Anthropic’s AI model. The company said its safety filters restricted the work to its weakest models.
It emphasized it could not be sure that the scientists in its examples intended to cause harm. The same information needed to create biological weapons could also be used to develop a vaccine.
Anthropic said it had banned the accounts mentioned in the report, but it did not disclose the names of the research institutions or the nations where the incidents took place.
A maelstrom over AI safety kicked off earlier this week when Jacob Coxon resigned from the company, saying employees “earnestly believe it [AI] could kill us all by the end of the decade.”
Concerns over the technology began to escalate earlier this year with the release of advanced models such as Anthropic’s Mythos. OpenAI also caused alarm in July when it said its models had autonomously hacked into AI group Hugging Face.
There is an expanding consensus among AI executives and biosecurity researchers that the use of the technology in biology needs to be secured and regulated as models become more advanced. Experts increasingly worry that AI could be used by terrorist groups, state actors, or lone-wolf attackers to craft biological weapons, create viruses, or unleash existing harmful pathogens.
But even if AI can be used to design a theoretical bioweapon, potential obstacles remain, such as the ability to make it in practice and the resources needed to do so.
Cybersecurity has been among the biggest concerns for safety advocates.
Anthropic’s report on the misuses of its technology detailed incidents including “a network of fake dating apps designed to defraud users to surveillance systems built to identify and monitor dissidents.”
The lab also set out new details of claims that seven labs based in China, including Moonshot and DeepSeek, tried to replicate its technology through a process known as distillation. Anthropic said it had detected “increasingly sophisticated methods to circumvent our defenses and harvest the capabilities of US frontier models.”
Additional reporting by Michael Peel in London
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